Monday, April 21, 2008

knowledge

According to Oxford English Dictionary, the term 'knowledge' is defined variously as "expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject"[1] It is "known in a particular field or in total" [2] Its also " facts and information or awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation".[3] Although there has been Philosophical debates in general start with "Plato's formulation of knowledge as 'justified true belief'"[4}. "There's no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, nor any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories” [5].
Knowledge gaining involves complex cognitive processes; these are perception, “learning, communication, association and reasoning. The word knowledge is also used to mean; the confident understanding of a subject with the ability to use it for a particular reason if suitable” [6].
“The definition of knowledge is a matter of on-going debate among philosophers in the field of epistemology. “The classical definition is described, but not ultimately endorsed by the Philosopher ‘Plato’ has it that in order for there to be knowledge at least three criteria must be fulfilled; that in order to count as knowledge, a statement must be justified true, and believed. Some claim that these conditions are not sufficient, as Gettier case examples allegedly demonstrate. There are a number of alternatives proposed, including Robert Nozick’s arguments for a requirement that knowledge 'tracks the truth' and Simons additional requirement that we do not want to say that those who meet any of these conditions 'through a defect, flaw, or failure' have knowledge. Richard Kirkham suggests that our definition of knowledge requires that the believer's evidence is such that it logically necessitates the truth of the belief.” [7]
‘”Plato was a Greek philosopher who together with his teacher, Socrates and students, Aristotle, helped to lay the philosophical foundations of the Western Culture” [8].
“ Robert Nozick was an American Philosopher, Pellegrino University professor at Harvard University, He did additional but less influential work in such subjects as decision theory and Epistemology” [9].
“Simon Blackburn is a British academic atheist philosopher known for his efforts to popularize philosophy” [10]
“Richard Kirkham was an American philosopher, his published works are ‘Theories of Truth’ and ‘Does the Gettier problem Rest on a mistake? ‘” [11]

Reference:
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato

[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick

[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Blackburn

[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kirkham

Friday, April 11, 2008

Hierarchy Task

What is hierarchy? "Hierarchy is a Greek word which hieros means "sacred" and arcko meaning "rule". Its a system of ranking and organising people or things, where each element of the system excluding the top element is a subordinate to a single other element. "[1]
According to Professor Timothy.F.Allan "The Hierarchy theory is a dialect of general systems theory. It has emerged as part of a movement toward a general science of complexity. Rooted in the work of economist, Herbert Simon, chemist, Ilya Prigogine, and psychologist, Jean Piaget, hierarchy theory focuses upon levels of organization and issues of scale. There is significant emphasis upon the observer in the system. Hierarchies occur in social systems, biological structures, and in the biological
taxonomies. Since scholars and laypersons use hierarchy and hierarchical concepts commonly, it would seem reasonable to have a theory of hierarchies." [2]
The definition of Hierarchy " A ruling body of clergy organized into orders or ranks each subordinate to the one above it, A body of persons in authority, The classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing; also : the group so classified, A graded or ranked series hierarchy of values." [3]

How is hierarchy used in collaboration? By the teams embodying a structural organisation chart that distinguishes each task and the importance of each segment and showing how it is all joins together with a visual tree diagram it allocates jobs and indicates the importance of each piece of the project from least important to most important, it separates the project in sections which will be used by all the team members which will collaborate together through organisation and structure.

How is it used in our project? Hierarchy will be incorporated in our project by dividing each task according what needs to be done, how soon and how will it all work as it will be divided and illustrated with diagram indicating how the project will me dealt with and how it will be distributed according to time limit and balanced between each team member.

How are we working together with the project? The team is collaborating by allocating equal amount of tasks according to our strengths and qualities, technical and personal. Each team member has communicated with one another and are able to share vital information through Google doc, email, Google calendar (helps us see time limit to meet deadlines) Blogger and other forms of social networks, we also schedule face to face meeting and use text, instant messaging and telephones. By having a team leader we are able to have a guide that helps us with our daily tasks.

What are we building in unreal tournament? We have chosen to build Azizes building.
It is located in Wollongong, between the mountains and the sea. We wanted to build it because it was interesting and local, knowing we can do physical research on the environment is a bonus, the plan it self is simple & interesting.

We feel that Azize Ceylan Is a great leader because she is well organised, and has worked previously as a leader and this is one of her qualities.
who is doing what and there strengths? We have allocated tasks in the group Azize and I are researchers and editors, Chivon and Rachel have skills in multimedia, Jeff is working on the video. We are all Working to help one another, we take over at any given time and give others time to rest and vice versa
We can relate our project to Hierarchy as having a leader which has allocated tasks according to our Strengths and qualities, technical and social, in a solid structure through solid organisation the project has been distributed.
It works to have a hierarchical figure or in other words leader in our team as it gives us direction, Someone to look up to when problems arise in the project. Due to this we have organisation.



REFERENCE:
[1] www.wikipedia.com, Search on Hierarchy (April 9 2008)

[2] http://www.isss.org/hierarchy.htm - Google search (April 9 2008) , author Timothy F. Allen, Professor of Botany.

[3]Reference: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hierarchy (April 8 2008, www.wikipedia.com

Tuesday, April 8, 2008

Disciplines..

Disciplines in the work place refer to different roles in the workplace, such disciplines include "Architects, Project Managers, engineers such as structural, hydraulic, electrical, Municipal, Mechanical/Electrical, Chemical and civil engineers, there are cad operators, landscape architects, interior architects, thermal analysis operator and sustainability, cost estimator, bricklayers and builders, plumbers surveyors"[1].
In my opinion, all these disciplines work together in collaboration in the project, everyone has a certain specialization and strengths that when combined together while working as a team, produce a design.
Along with these disciplines there are "Finance consultants which deal with Public finance, Financial analysis, Auditing, Risk management, Asset management and Accounting, with that comes the legal disciple and they are used for Constitutional law, Common law, Land reform/restitution, Litigation, International law and Contracts".[2]
According to the website 'The language of Science' the definition for 'discipline' means "a branch of knowledge" [3], and 'disciplinary' means "relating to a specific field of academic study". [4]

How do Disciplines make use of collaboration in the workplace? In my opinion, each professional Discipline contributes with their knowledge of their selected line of work as they can all put in ideas together and therefore create a prosperous creation that functions as desired. How do we learn from this and collaborate in our project? When are all placed in group each team member takes a discipline according to their strengths and knowledge and put in their contribution in the project all collaborating together as we would in a real circumstance if we were to be in an office working with other disciplines. It educates us and prepares us for the work place when we receive real plans.

In our Architectural Collaboration class we are working together in our group , each working on separate parts of the project and all together we are producing a project, We have a leader who is like the project managers who updates us with information and distributes work to each person in the group, we also have a reminder which by using synchronized messaging and unsynchronized messaging and the like, it lets us know how we are progressing and reminding us of our deadlines which is important to meet deadlines in a real situation at work, we also have group members experienced in different fields such as programmer, 3D operator and even cad operator as well as other roles that each person has chosen to take responsibility for, every group member is accountable for adding their ideas as well as the production of the work. All together we are all Disciplines Collaborating in the production of our Assignment just like we would in the work force.









Reference
[1] Google search on Disciplines in the workplace, www.acpsec.org/registry/ReferenceSheet.doc (searched on 7 April 08)

[2] Google search on Disciplines in the workplace, www.acpsec.org/registry/ReferenceSheet.doc (searched on 7 April 08)

[3] Google Search on Disciplines in the work place,
Language of Science, Dictionary and Research Guide,
http://www.123exp-science.com/t/01554599967/ (searched on the 8 April 08)

[4] Google Search on Disciplines in the work place,
Language of Science, Dictionary and Research Guide,
http://www.123exp-science.com/t/01554599967/ (searched on the 8 April 08)

Brainstorming ways we can do Our presentaion on Hierarchy..

Ok so I was thinking that we should make our presentation interesting, we can all sit there talking one by one and bore the hell out of everyone, but we can do something to keep the audience awake. We can do things like engage the audience by asking them questions about what hierarchy means to them, and after we have asked a few people we can begin doing our lil talks on hierarchy and what it means to us plus all the research, find a really good shot of it and put it up so people focus on the intriguing picture as they listen to us, if we make it complex people with doze off but by engaging the audience and even dressing up maybe we can make it more fun.
How do you guys feel about dressing up? wearing crowns? making examples by doing a re-enactment of someone been in charge and everyone under them? Azize suggested to me when i asked about the crowns..that maybe she can bring a tiara, and when ever someone one speaks they can wear the tiara, i thought azizes idea was great! we both agreed that its a good idea. Hey maybe when we are not talking that we can all stand underneath the person who is the hierarchy (doing the talking) of corse all this will have to be talked about with the rest of the group but please do comment i would really appreciate your comments, questions and complaints haha ;)

Hierarchy- some research Idid last week..

Hierarchy..
What does it mean? where does it come from?

I've just been Wikipedia Searching information that will be edited later on. (Cettina)


Reference: www.wikipedia.com

Hierarchy is a Greek word which
hieros means "sacred" and arcko meaning "rule". Its a system of ranking and organising people or things, where each element of the system excluding the top element is a subordinate to a single other element. The word Hierarchy sited by the Oxford dictionary was in 1880, when it was used in reference to the three orders of three angels as depicted by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite which
used the word both in reference to the celestial hierarchy and the ecclesiastical hierarchy. His term is derived from the Greek for 'Bishop' (hierarch), and Dionysius is credited with first use of it as an abstract noun. Since hierarchical churches such as the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, had tables of organization that were "hierarchical" in the modern sense of the word (traditionally with GOD as the pinnacle of the hierarchy), the term came to refer to similar organizational methods in more general settings.
A hierarchy can link entities either directly or indirectly, and either vertically or horizontally. The only direct links in a hierarchy, insofar as they are hierarchical, are to one's immediate superior or to one of one's subordinates, although a system that is largely hierarchical can also incorporate other organizational patterns. Indirect hierarchical links can extend "vertically" upwards or downwards via multiple links in the same direction. All parts of the hierarchy which are not vertically linked to one another can nevertheless be "horizontally" linked by traveling up the hierarchy to find a common direct or indirect superior, and then down again. This is akin to two co-workers, neither of whom is the other's boss, but both of whose chains of command will eventually meet.

Definition For Hierarchy
Reference: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hierarchy

  • A ruling body of clergy organized into orders or ranks each subordinate to the one above it; especially : the bishops of a province or nation church government by a hierarchy.
  • A body of persons in authority
  • The classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing; also : the group so classified
  • A graded or ranked series hierarchy of values>

The Pyramid
When referring to the term hierarchy it is normally portrayed in a pyramid, below is an example on how a hierarchy actually works when shown in a diagram. The most favoured option goes at the top and the least amount goes to the bottom.




Sunday, April 6, 2008

My strengths...

Well...in the past couple of weeks in the class we have been discussing what our strengths are and what we bring to the table...to start off with id like to talk about the obvious to most of my friends and that is...my social Qualities. I have very good communication skills and I'm very verbal, I will always try to express my self as much as possible as I like other peoples suggestions and opinions, even if I'm not understood at first i will come up with as many examples, philosophical or not and prove my point and i believe this is a good quality in me, those of you that know me well, do comment your thoughts please...

What is been social good for? a number of things and when collaborating it is essential that you communicate when working together, how do you share tasks and come up with answers or solutions without communication? you cant. And how do we share tasks and manage to share them equally without someone getting the end crap of the stick? you share ideas and be ready for criticism and suggestions. I'm very open to new suggestions and I'm very easy going in the group and the majority of the time I will work together with people with determination and satisfaction providing they will do the same, I believe in balance and been fair, so these are my first qualities.

The other strength i have..I'm very imaginative, I'm very creative I come up with alot of ideas, I'm the thinker of the group and of coarse I always get the others opinion and try to come up with as many ideas and bring them all together, fuse them all together to come up with a brilliant idea.

What else..
Well I do have skills in communicating sights such as facebook and the like and it comes easy for me to write blogs or email my ideas of questions or even just comment so i stay in touch with is important in a group.
I do have knowledge of software's and I can use a number of them which is needed for this class but also one thing that I can bring to the table is my flexibility, If I'm told to do something I almost never refuse it and do anything in my power to get there/get it done what ever it is, also I think people can always count on me and I wish for the same in others too.
Now i think Ive come up with enough strengths for one day..Oh did i mention I like to write alot?
Cettina

Thursday, April 3, 2008

Week 3...

On Wednesday the second of April we discussed on how we were going to do our presentation on Hierarchy, since we have to present it on Wednesday week 5 we discussed that we could go into google groups and we can find information about the term Hierarchy, post them with reference and add a picture or two that we find, the gathering of the information is the longest process in the end we will edit it and have enough im hoping.

Tuesday, April 1, 2008

Social networks

Social Network, Facebook & MySpace


Facebook and MySpace a social networks which helps with communication and file sharing. This technology has taken over the world; many people use it from a high school kid to large companies in the work force. Facebook and MySpace are websites that can now be used without cost and anyone can join by simply making a profile, inserting a picture and adding other member. These websites are utilized to network, to make or maintain friendships. ‘Facebook is a social network website that began on february 4, 2004 This website is owned and operated by Facebook, Inc., the parent company of the website and a privately help company. It allows users to join one or more networks, such as a place of employment, a school, or geographic region connecting people and making them interact.’[1] ‘The name of the website refers to the paper facebooks depicting members of a Campus community that some American colleges and Preparatory schools give to incoming students, faculty, and staff they do this so they all get to know each other’.[2] So who found Facebook? ‘Mark Zuckerberg, while still a student at Harvard University. At the beginning this website membership was initially limited to only Harvard students, but was later expanded to include any university student, then high school students, and finally to anyone aged 13 and over.’[3]



MySpace is a ‘social network website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music and videos for teenagers and adults internationally. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California, USA, where it shares an office building with its immediate owner, Fox interactive Media; which is owned by News Corporation, which has its headquarters in New York City’[4] According to ‘Alexa Internet, MySpace is at present the world's fifth most popular website, and the third most popular website in the USA, though it has topped the chart on various weeks.’[5] The service ‘gradually gained more popularity than similar websites to achieve nearly 80% of visits to online social networking websites in 2006. Today its traffic is similar to that of Facebook, a competing social network.’[6] MySpace allows you to create a web page and design it to your taste’, ‘profiles contain two standards "blurbs:" "About Me" and "Who I'd Like to Meet" sections. Profiles also contain an "Interests" section and a "Details" section. In the "Details" section, "Status" and "Zodiac Sign" can be added [7]. Users have the advantage to express them selves by adding interests and allow other people to view their profile. ‘There are features such as ‘Bulletins’ which are posts that are posted on to a "bulletin board" for everyone on a MySpace user's friends list to see. Bulletins can be useful for contacting an entire friends list without resorting to messaging users individually.[8] Facebook has similar attributes as you are able to see other peoples friends and you may add, poke or even just view their profile or even photos without even been their friends, there is less privacy in facebook as it allows you to view what others write to their friends so everyone is informed. Both these sites allow you to message other people through composing a message in the inbox but also display messages as you can leave a comment on their page or on a picture they have chosen to upload.


There are other similar forms of social networks that are arguably similar to facebook and myspace, these are; “bebo” and “hi five”, these network work similar when it come to messaging leaving a comment on profiles or photos, you can add your age star sign or even occupation, relationship status, whether your female or male and even annual income.


How does this technology help us with our collaboration project? With networking we are communicating, we are sharing information, we are upload and downloading, we are file sharing and leaving comments of what we have done and how we have done it and what will be done next, we are able to see the progress of ones work and vice versa, collaboration is made using these websites as the group uses pages such as Facebook, MySpace, bebo, hi5 or even blogger which is used to communicate in this class, it is all used to collaborate together, assisting one another and this is how it is helping us with our project by file sharing therefore file viewing and also communicating ideas for the project and with regular updates this technology helps us cooperate with each other.

There is evidence that people in the work force use these lets works to collaborate and communicate studies shown through Microsoft, among the highlights of the study: 66 percent of Millennials regularly access social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace at work, vs.13 percent of other workers.’[9] ‘less than half (45 percent) of Millennials stick to company-issued devices or software as opposed to nearly 70 percent of other workers.’[10] This shows that these social networks are used for collaboration during work.




















Reference:

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook

Facebook layout picture taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace

[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace

[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace

MySpace layout picture taken from: http://www.wired.com/news/images/full/myspace1_f.jpg

Bebo picture taken from: http://mashable.com/images/bebo.PNG

Hi5 picture taken from: http://mashable.com/images/hi5large2.png

[9] http://mikeg.typepad.com/perceptions/social_networking_collaboration/index.html

[10]http://mikeg.typepad.com/perceptions/social_networking_collaboration/index.html